The Pound program is a reverse proxy, load balancer and HTTPS front-end for Web servers. This Pound was developed to enable distributing the load among multiple Web servers and to allow for a convenient SSL wrapper for those Web servers which do not offer it natively. Pound is distributed under the GPL – no warranty, it’s free to use, copy and give away.
1) Reverse-proxy: it passes requests from client browsers to one or multiple back-end servers.
2) Load balancer: it will distribute the requests from the client browsers among several back-end servers, while keeping session information.
3) An SSL wrapper: Pound will decrypt HTTPS requests from client browsers and pass them as plain HTTP to the back-end servers.
4) An HTTP/HTTPS sanitizer: Pound will verify requests for correctness and accept only well-formed ones.
5) A fail over-server: should a back-end server fail, Pound will take note of the fact and stop passing requests to it until it recovers.
6) Request redirector: requests may be distributed among servers according to the requested URL.
Pound is a compatible program, which can be easily audited for security problems. It can run as setuid/setgid and/or in a chroot jail. Pound does not access the hard-disk at all (except for reading the certificate file on start, if required) and should thus pose no security threat to any machine.
Note:-
1) Pound is not a Web server: by itself, Pound serves no content – it contacts the back-end server(s) for that purpose.
2) Pound is not a Web accelerator: no caching is done – every request is passed “as is” to a back-end server.
To kill a user’s process in unix/linux hosting or want’s to terminate a user’s process from the shell then you can use the following commands:-
If you want the user jason’s process detailsps -aux |grep jason
from the output just kill the process id of that user and that user will be out from the shell without any wall message for him/her.
By another way you can do following:-
Task: How to halt/stop user called jason
Type the skill command as follows:
# skill -STOP -u jason
You muse be root to stop other users.
Task: How to resume an already halted user called jason
To send a CONT signal to user jason, type the following command:
# skill -CONT -u jason
Task: How to kill and logout user called jason
To send a KILL signal, type the following command:
# skill -KILL -u jason
Task: Kill and logout all users
The ultimate command to kill and logout all users, type the following command:
# skill -KILL -v /dev/pts/*
Note: You should send users a warning message or a logout notice using the wall command to avoid data loss.
What is Xoops?
XOOPS is an acronym which stands for eXtended Object Orientated Portal System. XOOPS is a free CMS(Content Management System)it is written in PHP for websites.It is a tool to manage the content of dynamic Websites.Xoops uses a modular architecture which enables users to customize, update and theme their websites.It is released under the terms of the GNU (General Public License (GPL) so it is free to use, modify and redistribute.Xoops is a website system which allows you to build a complete website for a huge variety of different styles and uses.It is an easy software for newcomers to web building and experienced programmers alike. If you want a simple website like a personal blog, or any other pages to display your family photos albums, then xoops is the perfect for it.The Xoops system is Capable to allow several thousands of daily page views and unlimited membership signup.Due to it’s large variety of styles and design features every community webmaster can create a totally unique look and functionality no a website.It provides contact forms that reject spammers, user questionnaires, forms and reports, customers polls, surveys and feedback which are all seamlessly available through the comprehensive module system.
Just follow the steps below to perform a full backup in cPanel Hosting:-
1) Login into your cPanel with the Username and password
2) Click on Backup cPanel backup, backup website cpanel, cpanel hosting backup.
3) Click on Generate / Download a Full Backup.
4) Select Home Directory in Backup Destination and enter your email address. others just leave blank and click Generate Backup.
5) Done! You just perform a full backup in cPanel. You will received a notification email once the backup is done.
6) Once the backup is ready, you can FTP into your Account to download the backup file. CPanel locate your backup file in your root directory (/home/username/) and cPanel backup filename normally look like this:-
backup-mm.dd.yyyy_hh-mm-ss_username.tar.gz
Note:You also can FTP your full backup file to your another FTP server (if you have more than 1 server). Just enter the Remote Server (FTP / SCP) which is the IP or domain name, Remote User (FTP / SCP) and Remote Password (FTP / SCP) in the Generate Backup page before you hit Generate backup button, your Backup File will be transfer to the remote server.
Some webhosting companies are offering the cheapest web hosting plans which allow to host unlimited domains and support unlimited web sites with separate login, email, ftp and other users details – all on one single website hosting account.
The benefit of this unlimited hosting is saving money by hosting all your websites on one hosting account, there are also many other benefits but for us the main benefit is only having to learn one hosting control panel instead of several which could have a long learning curve. Multiple domain hosting all of your domains on one single server and allows you to manage them much more efficiently.
What is Moodle?
Moodle is a course management system (CMS) – a free, Open Source software package designed using sound pedagogical principles, to help educators create effective online learning communities. It has a significant user base with 25,281 registered sites with 10,405,167 users in 1,023,914 courses (as of May 13, 2007).It is distributed under the GNU General Public License and is an active and evolving work in progress, subject to a roadmap.Moodle can also be called as ‘Virtual Learning Environment’ (VLE) or ‘Learning Platform’. It provides a range of functionality covering content creation and delivery, communication and collaboration and management, including tracking and assessment tools.
What do we require to run Moodle?
You can easily install Moodle on a standard Windows computer on your desktop or on a Mac.If you wants to run a stable Moodle service for a school, college, business etc., you should really invest in a dedicated server with more capacity for your users. Moodle runs on a variety of platforms – the most common being Linux/Windows, Apache, MySQL and PHP.
How do you login to get started in Moodle?
1) Go to http://moodle.lamission.edu/login/signup.php
2) type in your own username and password – write it down so you do not forget it
3) type in a real email address, and then type it in to confirm it
4) type in first name, last name, country, city and country
5) click on “create account”
6) your registration is not complete
7) you need to go to your home email, and click on the confirmation email, then you are registered for moodle
you only have to do this one time
9) now that you have registered then go to your class under moodle
10) click on it, and then enroll. Now you are then ready to start work on your class.
What is PHPauction?
Phpauction is a software which help its customers to retain their privacy while they take advantage of what the Internet has to offer.PHPauction includes the main features for an auction website: Reserve price, Buy it now, Standard & Dutch auctions, Item & Auction watch, among many others. If you are planning to develop your own custom web-based auction site than it is a good starting point, easy to install and manage through web based installer and friendly administration back-end. Flexible, reliable & easy to customize.
These are some main features of PHPauction:-
* It is customizable HTML templates for easy design changes
* mySQL database backend for superior control over data
* HTML product listings with uploadable photos
* Complete search function which searches entire database for products
* The display of current users and current auctions
* New user registration
* Users login/logout
* “Forgot your password?”
* User defined usernames
* Password retrevial via email
* Free bids for registered users
* Email notification of bids
* Auctions: User defined Item descriptions
* Users can upload pictures
* Reserve prices, minimum bids
* Standard, dutch auctions
* View bid history
* Auction Displays: Displayed seller name and information
* Displayed quanity of items
* Ability to send auction to a friend
* Browse able categories
* Displays the last created auctions
* Displays the Highest bids
* Displays Auctions ending soon
* Help system
* News system
* Money formatting options
What are the requirements for PHPauction?
Phpauction’s basic server requirements are as follows:
1)an Apache web server
2)PHP 4 (or above)
3)MySQL Database
4)Ability to run cron jobs
By following these steps you can edit a php.ini file:
1) First find the location of php.ini file
2) Place this script on your server.
3) Run this script in your Web browser by going to http://anyofyour.url.here/phpinfo.php in your Web browser (on your own computer, this may be like http://localhost/phpinfo.php or http://localhost/~username/phpinfo.php).
4) In the result page, look for the line which says “Configuration File (php.ini) Path”. It should be about 6 rows down in the table.
5) Note the location of your php.ini file. It is the active file PHP is using. Your server may have multiple php.ini files on it but this is the one that counts.
6) If you don’t have a php.ini file on your server (if the value is blank in the phpinfo.php script or if you go to the directory it lists and there’s no php.ini file there), create it one by one :
a) Download the complete source code from http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
b) Extract the source (unzip or whatever)j so that you now have a folder of files.
c) Find the php.ini-dist file, located in the main folder.
d) Rename this file as php.ini and move it to the proper directory.
7) Open the php.ini file in a text editor (do not use Notepad, Word, TextEdit, or any other text editor which will not properly display line or will not let you save a plain text file).
Make the changes you want, keeping in mind the following:
a) Comments are marked using a semi-colon(;). Anything after the semi-colon is ignored.
b) Instructions on what most of the settings mean are included in the file.
c) The top of the page lists general information with examples. Do not change these values. Change the settings where they appear later in the file.
d) Note for safety purposes, do not change any default settings, just comment them out (by preceding the line with a semi-colon), then add the new, modified line afterwards.
e) Add a comment (using the semi-colon) to mark what changes you made and when. For example:
; register_globals = Off
register_globals = On ; Added by LEU 1/9/2007
9) Save the file.
10) Restart the Web server (Apache, IIS, etc.). You do not need to restart your whole computer.
11) Rerun the phpinfo.php script to make sure the changes took effect.
cPanel Dedicated Server Web Hosting
These are some Steps to secure your cPanel Dedicated Server:-
1) Use secure passwords:
Insecure passwords are the most common security vulnerability for many servers. If an account password is not secure and is compromised, client websites can be Hacked, infected, or used to spread viruses. Having secure passwords is paramount to having a secure server. Generally, a password utilizing at least 8 characters including alphanumeric and grammatical symbols is sufficient. Never use passwords based upon dictionary words or significant dates because it is easy to crack that.You can also edit /etc/login.defs to configure many password options on your system which is well documented.
2) Secure your SSH:
Disable password authentication and enable public key authentication for SSH .Move SSH access to a different port. People are looking for port 22 as a possible way to access your servers. Moving SSH to a different port will add a simple way to deter those without specific knowledge of your server from easily discovering your SSH port.You should always use SSHv2 only as SSHv1 is not secure.You can also set Shell Resource Limits for your users to prevent applications and scripts from using all up your resources and taking down your server.
3) Secure Apache:
The most easily available source to access a web server is the web server application. So it is important to take steps to secure your Apache installation.
a) The best tools for preventing malicious Apache use is mod_security.
b) When compiling Apache, you should include suexec to ensure that CGI applications and scripts run as the user that owns / executes them. This will help identify where malicious scripts are and who is running them. It will also enforce permission and environment controls.
c) It is also recommend compiling Apache + PHP with PHPsuexec. PHPsuexec forces all PHP scripts to run as the user who owns the script. This means that you will be able to identify the owner of all PHP scripts running on your server. If one is malicious, you will be able to find it’s owner quickly and resolve the issue.
d) Enable PHP’s open_basedir protection because this protection will prevent users from open files outside of their home directory with PHP.
e) You may also include safe_mode for PHP 5.x and below. Safe_mode ensures that the owner of a PHP script matches the owner of any files to be operated on.
4) Secure your /tmp partition:
It is recommended that you use a separate partition for /tmp which is mounted with nosetuid. Nosetuid will force a process to run with the privileges of it’s executor. You may also wish to mount /tmp with noexec after installing cPanel. Check the mount man page for more information.Also, Running /scripts/securetmp will mount your /tmp partition to a temporary file for extra security.
5)Turn off daemons and services which you are not using:
Any service or daemon that allows a connection to be established to your server is away for hackers to gain access. To reduce security risks, you should disable all services and daemons that are not being used.
Windows Hosting is the basis of any remote Microsoft technology. Unleash the power of your ingenuity with Microsoft Windows and .NET platforms. Choose Windows Web Hosting to run the latest applications in a familiar Windows environment. This Windows-based applications are used in so many aspects of your business. Choose a hosting platform in the same familiar Windows environment.Microsoft applications perform better when they are hosted in a native Windows platform.
What is Windows Server 2003?
It is a Microsoft’s latest server operating system . This version was originally going to be called .Net Server, but was renamed Windows Server 2003 shortly before release. . This new operating system will eventually replace Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 Servers and is now considered Microsoft’s flagship server operating system product.
What is the difference between the Linux Hosting platform and Windows Server 2003 Hosting Platform?
It is true that Linux provides a secure and reliable environment perfect for most of the hosting needs, but sometimes you need to take advantage of some Windows applications like as MS Access, ASP scripting for which you need Windows Server 2003.
If you are developing your website using Microsoft-based tools, including FrontPage, Visual InterDev, Microsoft Office Extensions, or Access databases, our Windows Server 2003 Hosting Plans will surely meet your hosting needs. For all other uses, we recommend hosting your website on a Linux platform, which has a Linux-based operating system.